View source for Thomas Milton Rivers

{{Infobox scientist
| name = Thomas Milton Rivers
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Thomas M. Rivers
| birth_date = September 3, 1888
| birth_place = Jonesboro, Georgia, U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1962|5|12|1888|9|3}}
| death_place = Forest Hills, New York, U.S.
| citizenship = 
| nationality = American
| ethnicity = 
| field = virology
| work_institutions = [[Rockefeller University|Rockefeller Institute]]
| alma_mater = [[Johns Hopkins University]]
 Emory College
| doctoral_advisor = 
| doctoral_students = 
| known_for = first description of the Haemophilus parainfluenzae
| author_abbrev_bot = 
| author_abbrev_zoo = 
| influences = 
| influenced = 
| prizes = 
| religion = 
| footnotes = 
| signature = 
}}
'''Thomas Milton Rivers''' (September 3, 1888 – May 12, 1962) was an American bacteriologist and virologist. He has been described as the "father of modern virology."
== Life ==
[[File:Eleanor Roosevelt, Albert Sabin, Jonas Salk, and Basil O'Connor at The Infantile Paralysis Hall of Fame in Warm... - NARA - 196188.jpg|thumb|Leaders in the effort against polio were honored at the opening of the Polio Hall of Fame on January 2, 1958. From left: Thomas M. Rivers, [[Charles Armstrong (physician)|Charles Armstrong]], John R. Paul, [[Thomas Francis Jr.]], Albert Sabin, Joseph L. Melnick, Isabel Morgan, Howard A. Howe, David Bodian, [[Jonas Salk]], [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] and Basil O'Connor.]]
[[File:ANCExplorer Thomas Milton Rivers grave.jpg|thumb|Grave at Arlington National Cemetery]]

Born in Jonesboro, Georgia, he graduated from Emory College in 1909 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Immediately following graduation, Rivers was admitted to the Johns Hopkins Medical School. His plans of becoming a physician could not be realized at first as he was diagnosed with a neuromuscular degeneration which forced him to leave medical school and work as a laboratory assistant at a hospital in the Panama Canal Zone. When by 1912 the illness had not become worse he returned to Johns Hopkins and graduated in 1915. He stayed at Johns Hopkins until 1919.

In March 1922 he headed the infectious disease ward at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research and became the institute's director in June 1937. After retiring in 1956, he remained active with the [[Rockefeller Foundation]]. His work in the 1930s and 1940s contributed to making the institute a leader in viral research. In 1934 Rivers was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in section 10 (pathology and microbiology). As chairman of committees on research and vaccine advisory for the [[March of Dimes|National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis]], he oversaw the clinical trials of [[Jonas Salk]]'s vaccine. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1942. He served in the armed forces medical corps during both World Wars. During the Second World War, Rivers led the Naval Medical Research Unit Two (NAMRU-2) in the South Pacific, rising to the rank of rear admiral.

In 1948 Rivers edited a standard book on viral and Rickettsial infections.

In 1958 he was inducted into the Polio Hall of Fame at Warm Springs, Georgia.

Rivers was married to Teresa Jacobina Riefle of Baltimore. Rivers died at Forest Hills, New York in 1962 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on account of his military rank.

== References ==

== Further reading ==
* Saul Benison: ''Tom Rivers - Reflections on a Life in Medicine and Science'', Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1967
*David Oshinsky: ''Polio: An American Story''. Oxford University Press, 2005 {{ISBN|0-19-515294-8}}.
*{{cite journal
|last=Horsfall
|first=F L
|authorlink= Frank Horsfall
|year=1965
|title=Thomas Milton Rivers, September 3, 1888-May 12, 1962
|journal=Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences
|volume=38
|pages=263–94
| pmid = 11615452
 }}
*{{cite journal
|last=SHOPE
|first=R E
|date=September 1962
|title=Thomas Milton Ribers 1888–1962
|journal=J. Bacteriol.
|volume=84
|issue=3
|pages=385–8
|doi=10.1128/JB.84.3.385-388.1962
| pmid = 13988655
|pmc=277887
 }}

== External links ==
* Thomas M. Rivers Papers at the American Philosophical Society [http://www.amphilsoc.org/mole/view?docId=ead/Mss.B.R52-ead.xml;query=;brand=default]

{{Presidents of the American Society for Microbiology|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rivers, Thomas Milton}}